با نام اورمزد، بغ بزرگ، بزرگترین بغان
و با نام مهر و اناهیت و اپام نبات
برای ایرانیان، تا در این روزهای تاریک و انباشته از دغا و بی آزرمی، امید و استوانی و بستاخی خویش از دست نه‌دهند. تا به‌دانند، که ایشان مردمانی‌اند کهن، که مردمانی‌اند زیبا، که مردمانی‌اند بزرگ و اهورائی، که مردمانی‌اند نیک، نیک‌تر نیکان. و خواهند ماند
امروز که اشغالگران کمونیست و مسلمان بر آن شده‌اند تا پس از برجامچای و کاسپینچای، نرمش قهرمانانه‌ی دیگری انجام دهند و کارنامه‌ی خود را به یک پکنچای نیز آذین کنند، بد نیست نگاهی کوتاه داشتن به پیشینه‌ی ایرانشهریان در چین، و این همه، اندی هزار سال پیش از آن که کشوری به نام چین در میان بوده باشد. و نیز خوب است تا چینی‌ها نیز بخوانند این‌ها را و فراموش نه‌کنند: جمهوری گوادالوپی اسلامی خواهد رفت، بسی زود، پس ایدر اگر خواستار پیمان پایدار با آریائیان هستند، نیک آن است کو میانه روی پیشه کنند و فزون خواهی و ارزان خری کنار نهند.
گفتنی آن‌که آورده‌های زیر، کو چیون هماره به رایگان در برابر دیدگان همگان نهاده می‌شوند، – چه، ما خود را نسکی باز و سر نابسته می‌انگاریم برای ایرانیان-، همه از این‌جا و آن‌جای نبیگ ما، «ابر خرد و کام ایرانشهر» برون کشیده شده‌اند.
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در عکس سیاه و سپید، که آذینی است یافته شده در یک کاخ اندر چین (۸۵۰-۱۵۰ پیشاکوروش)، چهره‌ی یک موبد پارسی را می‌بینیم و نماد خونیرث را، که برخی نیز سواستیکا نامند اش، لیک نزد ایرانیان خونیرث خوانده آید، به چم ارابه، رثه، ره، ایا چرخه‌ی خورشید. یکی از کاربردهای این نشان ایا دخشگ، نشاختن چهار آوام باشد: بهار و تابستان و پائیز و زمستان. و هم نیز نشاختن چهار آلک ایا رون: اپاختر، که به رنگ سیاه شناخته می‌شود، نیمروز، که به رنگ سرخ، اوشستر، که به رنگ زرد، و دوشستر، که به رنگ سپید. از همین رو ایرانیان چهار دریای سرزمینی خویش را با چهار رنگ نشانه گذاری کردند: دریای سیاه، دریای سرخ، دریای زرد، و دریای سپید که همان مدیترانه است.
ما کوزه‌ای سفالی نیز داریم که در آن نیز چهره‌ی یک مغ را داریم و نماد خونیرث. مایکل تورک ابر این کوزه می‌نویسد:
“The magician ☩ (wu) character, originally “a capped cross,” was later changed to — 巫 (wu) — work and humans, interpreted by some scholars as dancing witches; however, a recently discovered artifact marked with the cross puts a face on a magician. ”(Michael Turk, Magician’s Map, in: Sino-Platonic Papers, 218, December, 2011, p. 8)
و سپس با پرداختن به کوزه‌های مردمان بیگانه‌ای که؛ یافت شده است، و نیز بررسی چهره نگاری ایشان، و هم نیز چهره‌ی موبد پارسی با نماد خونیرث ایا گردونه‌ی خورشید در فرتور بالا که چیون که واختیم از آذین یک کاخ چینی پیدا آمده است، چیون فرازمی می‌گوید:
“Recent archeological finds shed light on the question — when were foreigners in China? A mummified body fully clothed with a rust-colored, two-piece tailored suit, deerskin boots and bright red, yellow and blue striped felt leggings, on a bearded man about fifty years old, who stood six foot, six inches, in life, was buried with his saddle around three thousand years ago. An ornament in the shape of a head with a Persian face, marked on its top with a capped cross made of local material, was found in the ruins of an ancient Chinese palace. This artifact is one of several heads with foreign features found in palaces dating from 1400 to 700 BCE; but the question remains —, were Caucasians present in the palace?
The question is discussed by Victor Mair in his article “Old Sinitic *Myag, Old Persian Maguš and English Magician.
Recent archeological finds shed light on the question — when were foreigners in China? A mummified body fully clothed with a rust-colored, two-piece tailored suit, deerskin boots, and bright red, yellow and blue striped felt leggings, on a bearded man about fifty years old, who stood six-foot, six inches, in life, was buried with his saddle around three thousand years ago. An ornament in the shape of a head with a Persian face, marked on its top with a capped cross made of local material, was found in the ruins of an ancient Chinese palace. This artifact is one of several heads with foreign features found in palaces dating from 1400 to 700 BCE, but the question remains — were Caucasians present in the palace? The question is discussed by Victor Mair in his article “Old Sinitic *Myag, Old Persian Maguš, and English Magician.” Here is a magical correlation: painted on his temple is a bright yellow sun spouting short and long rays; the Sanskrit word for magician is maga, “priest of the sun.” Other mummies buried between 2000 BCE and 400 BCE have uniquely Caucasian features: blue-eyed, redheaded, or blond. For over a thousand years; there were Caucasians buried in the Tarim Basin, a high desert north of Tibet and west of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.26 Certainly some cross-cultural contact occurred, and someone carved the Caucasian features on an ornament and marked it wu. Of all the magicians mentioned in ancient Chinese texts during the time the Caucasians buried their dead northwest of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, only the fangshi served in government. That is why we know about fangshi theories and practices. Since antiquity, fangshi (方士) magicians have used sifang (四方) correlative cosmology to make maps and diagrams of heaven and earth. In my deconstruction of the symbols on the sifang jar, I hypothesize the four-panel jar is evidence the Neolithic Chinese mapped the lands and rivers around them on the jar, signifying knowledge of the Yellow River’s course. The jar’s map divides the earth into five lands — four territories around a middle land — mapping the flow of the Yellow River from the high mountains in the West to the fertile plain in the East.” (ibid, 8-9)
ما امروز می‌دانیم که مغ (wu) وام واژه‌ای ایرانی است در چین، در میان شمن‌ها ایا شامان‌ها، و در میان مغان چینی کو آئین زرتشتی داشتند. ویکتور مایر مردی است کو در این پهنه سخن‌ها برای گفتن دارد. پس از او می‌آوریم:
“The recent discovery at an early Chou site of two figurines with unmistakably Caucasoid or Europoid feature is startling prima facie evidence of East-West interaction during the first half of the first millennium Before the Current Era. It is especially interesting that one of the figurines bears on the top of his head the clearly incised graph ☩ which identifies him as a wu (< *myag).” (Victor H. Mair, Old Sinitic *Myag, Old Persian Maguš and English Magician, in: Early China 15, 1990, (pp. 27–47), p. 27; Cf. also: Rick Osmon, The Graves of the Golden Bear, Ancient Fortresses and Monuments of the Ohio Valley, 2011, p. 153.)
مایر در پانوشت همین گزارشن انگیزه‌ی خود ابر نوشتن فروردگ خویش را به پژوهشن‌های جائو تسونگ بازبُرد می‌دهد و نگره‌ی او ابر اندرآمدن هنر نویسندگی از ایرانشهر به چین، به میانجی جاده‌ی ابریشم:
“The original inspiration for this article was a manuscript by Jao Tsung-I entitled; “New Light on wu.” A revised version of Professor Jaoˈs paper will appear in the next issue of Early China. It will treat in more detail many of the larger paleographic and religio-cultural issues concerning wu that are only touched upon in the present work, the primary purpose of which is to discuss the philological and linguistic implications of the Old Sinitic reconstruction of wu. In the meantime, Professor Jao has published a brief but important article on the West Asian connections of ☩ in which he suggests the possibility that such symbols may have influenced the origins of writing in China. See this …
[The Question of ʿThe Origins of Writing Brought about by the Silk Roadʾ]” (ibid)
و هم نیز فراموش نه‌کنیم مایکل پوئت را، هنگامی که به زند و نگیزشن نگره‌های دُدس (Dodds) ابر گسترشن شامانگی نزد یونانیان به میانجی ایرانیان سکائی می‌پردازد، به پژوهشن بنیادین مایر نیز بازبُرد همی‌دهد و می‌نویسد:
“Dodds argues that this shamanistic culture entered Greece in the seventh century from Scythia and Thrace (pp. 140, 142) and was picked up by figures such as Pythagoras and Empedocles: “These men diffused the belief in a detachable soul of self, which by suitable techniques can be withdrawn from the body even during life, a self which is older than the body and will outlast it” (pp. 146-47). In short, the diffusion of shamanistic culture to Greece led to the emergence of a true dualism of body and soul-, a dualism that had never existed before in early Greece […] Dodds goes on to detail how this notion of an occult self of divine origin was later appropriated by Plato (pp. 207-35) […] I would like to stress the implications of Dodds’s theory for the shamanism hypothesis made for China […] Victor Mair has argued, based on linguistic and archeological evidence, that the wu, the Chinese term usually translated as “shaman” in reference to early China, might in fact have been Iranian magi who entered China during the Bronze Age. And, of course, the Scythians, whom Dodds sees as having become so influential in Greece, were Iranians. This line of reasoning implies that both China and Greece received a similar diffusion of ideas and techniques from the; same Iranian source.” (Michael J. Puett, To Become a God: Cosmology, Sacrifice, and Self-divinization in Early China, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2002, pp. 83-85. )
سپس با گفتاوردی از مایر، آن‌چه را که تا به امروز، با برگردان نادرست و اَ-کارشناسانه‌ی wu به شامان، زیر هنگرفت شامانگی دژنگیزی می‌کردند، به مغان کهن چین بازیابی می‌کند که چیون که در بالا آورده شد، در آوام برنج، ای میان ۳۰۰۰-۵۰۰ پیش از کوروش (۳۵۰۰-۱۰۰۰ B.C)، از ایرانشهر به چین ایورز کرده بودند. آن‌چه که می‌آید، به میانجی پوئت، و از مایر است:
“It has been customary for students of Chinese civilization to translate *myag [i.e., wu] as “shaman”, but this is wrong on several counts. In the first place, the shaman was the leading representative of a specific type of religious system practiced by Siberian and Ural-Altaic peoples. Perhaps the most characteristic feature of this tradition was the shaman’s ecstatic trance-flight to heaven during initiation and other rituals. The shamans also served the community as a whole by retrieving the errant souls of sick people and escorting the spirits of the dead to the other world.
This is in contrast to the *myag who where closely associated with the courts of various rulers and who were primarily responsible for divination, astrology, prayer, and healing with medicines.” (Mair, “Old Sinitic *Myag,” p. 35, cited from Puett, p. 86)
و نیز یادآوری می‌کنیم برخاستن واژه‌ی دائو را از واژه‌ی اوستائی دذوه، که می‌دانیم یکی از شناسه‌های اهورامزدا می‌باشد:
“…the Chinese name for the highest of all heavens was Ta-lo. The ancient Zoroastrians believed in four heavens, the highest of which in Old Iranian (Avestic) is called Garō-dmāna or Garō-nmāna and in the Middle Iranian Garō-dmān, which means ʿhouse of praiseʾ. The Avestic word for the monotheistic God of Zoroastrianism (Ahura Mazdā) is Dadhva . Is this the origin of Chang Lingʾs use of …dʾȃu?”
(Liu Ts’un-Yan, Traces of Zoroastrian and Manichaean Activities in Pre-T’ang China, in: Selected Papers from the Hall of Harmonious Wind, Leiden Brill, 1976, p. 30, fn.29)
و نیز:
“The first great translations of Buddhist texts (2nd-3rd centuries A.D.), beginning with An Shih-kao, were Sogdian, Ta Yüeh-chih, Persian. Very few were Indian. So certain Buddhist theories, such as those related to Amitabha, the god of Infinite Light, and his Western Paradise, were strongly impregnated with Iranian thought. It is known also that a whole Buddhist literature was elaborated amongst the Iranian populations of Chinese Turkestan. This helps to explain certain Chinese terms which appear to be transcriptions of technical terms and proper names of Buddhism, which came by way of Iranized forms.” (ibid)